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Fundraising · Hardware and IoT

5 questions investors ask hardware and IoT founders

Investors who back hardware and IoT companies ask a familiar set of questions. Here are the five that come up most, why they ask, and what a strong answer looks like on a slide.

Write my investor story freeSee the questions
INVESTORWhat does each unit cost to build at scale?
VOLTA LABSBOM ₹1,480 now · ₹1,050 at 50,000 units
INVESTORIs there recurring revenue after the sale?
VOLTA LABS₹99/month app plan · 42% attach rate

The five questions

Each answer is shown for our fictional hardware and IoT company, Volta Labs, which makes smart energy meters for homes. The numbers are illustrations. Swap in your own.

01

What does each unit cost to build at scale?

Why they askHardware margins depend on cost at volume.
A strong answer showsBill of materials now and at scale.
VOLTA LABS

BOM ₹1,480 now · ₹1,050 at 50,000 units

Sample slide line · illustrative numbers
02

Is there recurring revenue after the sale?

Why they askRecurring revenue changes the valuation.
A strong answer showsSubscription or service attached to the device.
VOLTA LABS

₹99/month app plan · 42% attach rate

Sample slide line · illustrative numbers
03

Who manufactures, and what is the lead time?

Why they askSupply chain delays sink hardware startups.
A strong answer showsManufacturer, lead time and backup plan.
VOLTA LABS

Contract manufacturer in Pune · 6-week lead time

Sample slide line · illustrative numbers
04

What is your return and failure rate?

Why they askFailures are expensive in hardware.
A strong answer showsField failure and return rate.
VOLTA LABS

0.6% field failure rate in year one

Sample slide line · illustrative numbers
05

How much working capital do you need?

Why they askInventory ties up cash.
A strong answer showsCash cycle and financing.
VOLTA LABS

90-day cash cycle · inventory financing in place

Sample slide line · illustrative numbers

The four numbers they check first

Before the questions, investors scan for these. Show each one by month, with dates, so the trend is easy to read.

Metric 1Units shipped
Metric 2Hardware gross margin
Metric 3Attach rate of software or service
Metric 4Return and failure rate

The gap that costs hardware and IoT founders meetings

Gap

The most common gap in hardware and IoT decks is no plan for manufacturing and working capital. Fix it before you send the deck.

Know your buyer

Your customers are businesses or consumers buying connected devices. Name the first group you will win, and show why they pick you today.

Prepare the appendix

  • Monthly metrics for the last 12 months
  • Unit economics by customer group
  • Your answer to each question above, with sources

Questions

What do investors look for in a hardware and IoT startup?

They start with these metrics: units shipped, hardware gross margin, attach rate of software or service, return and failure rate. Then they test the five questions on this page.

What is the most common gap in hardware and IoT pitch decks?

No plan for manufacturing and working capital.

Are the numbers on this page real?

No. They are illustrations for a fictional company, Volta Labs, to show what a strong answer looks like. Use your own numbers.

Can Astitva build my pitch deck?

Yes. Astitva writes your investor story from a short brief, in the order investors expect, and designs every slide in your brand. The written story is free.

Answer them before they ask

Astitva writes your investor story from a short brief, in the order investors expect, then designs every slide in your brand.

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